기술경영

Eisenhower matrix

네버고나스탑 2024. 1. 8. 22:06

The Eisenhower matrix was introduced by the 34th US President Dwight D. Eisenhower. He famously quoted “I have two kind of problems, the urgent and the important. The urgent are not important, and the important are never urgent” (Krogerus et al., 2012). The matrix is a graphical representation in a form of four quadrant areas based on level of importance and level or urgency. Based on the following four areas of the matrix, we can decide what should we do upon the tasks in that quadrant (Krogerus et al., 2012):

  • For very important and very urgent task, “do it immediately.”
  • For very important, but not urgent task, “decide when you will do it.”
  • For not important, but urgent task, “delegate to somebody else.”
  • For not important and not urgent task, “do it later.”

Stephen Covey later exploited the concept of Eisenhower quadrants by elaborating a schematic time-work matrix to increase productivity and save time (Covey, 2013). Nevertheless, Eisenhower matrix has been used by many practitioners and academic research in different areas, such as done by Batra (2017) who adopted it for prioritizing waiting list in orthodontic patient, or Ruževičius and Valiukaite (2017) who related it with quality of life vs. quality of work life balance.

Listen to selectionDespite being simple and hence become popular, Eisenhower matrix did not go without being challenged. Bratterud et al. (2020) challenged the concept as it does not take into account the fitness of the agent who will perform the task and suggested modification in the form of Venn diagram, instead of matrix. Mfondoum Ngandam et al. (2019) combined the matrix with Saaty’s analytical hierarchy process concept to induce stronger action prioritization. MeriMeri (2018) evaluated the concept together with its extension elaborated by Stephen Covey and other time management framework by accommodating culture elements into it.

 


아이젠하워 행렬은 제34대 미국 대통령 드와이트 D. 아이젠하워에 의해 도입되었다. 그는 "나는 긴급한 문제와 중요한 문제, 두 가지 종류의 문제가 있다. 긴급한 문제는 중요하지 않으며, 중요한 문제는 결코 긴급하지 않다"(Krogerus et al., 2012)라는 유명한 인용문을 사용했다. 행렬은 중요도와 중요도 또는 긴급도에 기초하여 4사분면으로 구성된 그래프로 표현한 것이다. 행렬의 다음 네 가지 영역에 기초하여, 우리는 해당 사분면의 작업에 대해 무엇을 해야 할지 결정할 수 있다(Krogerus et al., 2012):

매우 중요하고 매우 긴급한 작업을 위해서는 "즉각적으로 하라"

매우 중요하지만 급하지 않은 과제를 위해서는 "언제 할 것인지 결정하라"는 것이다

중요한 것이 아니라 긴급한 일을 위해, "다른 사람에게 위임하라."

중요하지도 않고 급하지도 않은 과제는 "나중에 해"

이후 스티븐 코비는 생산성을 높이고 시간을 절약하기 위해 도식화된 시간-작업 행렬을 정교화함으로써 아이젠하워 사분면의 개념을 활용하였다(Covey, 2013). 그럼에도 불구하고 아이젠하워 행렬은 교정 환자의 대기자 명단을 우선시하기 위해 이를 채택한 바트라(Batra, 2017)나 삶의 질 대 삶의 균형과 관련시킨 Ru ževichius and Valiukaite(2017)와 같이 다양한 영역에서 많은 실무자와 학술 연구에 의해 사용되었다.

아이젠하워 행렬은 단순하고 대중화되었음에도 불구하고 도전을 받지 않고 나아가지 않았다. Bratterud et al. (2020)은 작업을 수행할 행위자의 적합성을 고려하지 않은 개념으로 도전하였으며, 행렬 대신 벤 다이어그램 형태의 수정을 제안하였다. Mfondum Ngandam et al. (2019)은 행렬을 Saaty의 분석적 계층 프로세스 개념과 결합하여 더 강력한 행동 우선순위를 유도하였다. MeriMeri (2018)는 Stephen Covey가 설명한 확장과 함께 문화적 요소를 수용하여 시간 관리 프레임워크를 통해 개념을 평가하였다.

 

Source:

Krogerus, M., Tschappeler, R., and Earnhart, P. (2012), The Decision Book: 50 Models for Strategic
Thinking, 1st ed., W. W. Norton and Company, New York, NY.

Challenges and action plans in construction sector owing to COVID-19 pandemic – a case in Indonesia real estates
International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, 2021, Vol. 12, Issue 4, pp. 835-858.Oey, Elia Lim, Jason